Early Parkinson s Disease ( Pd ) Through The...

1 Introduction 1.1 The research question This literature review has been undertaken as part of research into detecting early Parkinson’s Disease (PD) through the characteristics of finger movement during typing. It begins with a discussion of PD and its symptoms, and then provides an overview of the current and emerging diagnostic strategies for early detection of the disease, with particular emphasis on those involving human-computer interaction (HCI) and the relationship with keystroke biometrics. The scope of the review is to focus on the motor symptoms of PD, rather than the causes, pathogenesis or research into potential prevention or cure. It builds on a previous PD literature review by the author (Adams, 2015). 1.2 Overview of Parkinson’s Disease The most common neurodegenerative movement disorder today is Parkinson Disease (Barth et al., 2011), with a prevalence which increases with age – from just 0.01% of the population aged 40 – 44 years and increasing to 1% at age 65, then up to 22% by age 85 and over. The total number of people with PD is expected to continue grow in the coming decades because of the aging society and a range of environmental factors. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder of unknown etiology that has no cure. The distinctive neurochemical characteristic of PD is dopamine loss in the nigrostriatal dopamine system (Adler, 2011). In the substantia nigra (SN) of people with PD there is a loss of neuronal cells, demonstrated byShow MoreRelatedParkinson Disease : A Progressive Disorder4669 Words   |  19 PagesOverview The most frequent neurodegenerative movement disorder today is Parkinson Disease (Barth et al., 2011), with a prevalence which increases with age – from 0.01% of people in the age group 40 to 44 years, increasing steadily to approximately 1% at age 65 and 22% at age 85 or over. Due to an aging society, increasing industrialization and environmental factors, the number of patients will grow rapidly in the forthcoming decades. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of unknown etiologyRead MoreThe Most Frequent Neurodegenerative Movement Disorder Today Is Parkinson Disease5166 Words   |  21 PagesOverview The most frequent neurodegenerative movement disorder today is Parkinson Disease (Barth et al., 2011), with a prevalence which increases with age – from 0.01% of people in the age group 40 to 44 years, increasing steadily to approximately 1% at age 65 and 22% at age 85 or over. Due to an aging society, increasing industrialization and environmental factors, the number of patients will grow rapidly in the forthcoming decades. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of unknown etiologyRead MoreParkinson s Disease : A Progressive Neurodegenerative Movement Disease Essay6696 Words   |  27 PagesThe research problem Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disease affecting approximately 1% of people at age 60. It is the most second most commonly occurring neurodegenerative disease in the elderly (after Alzheimer’s Disease). In PD patients, loss of dopamine-producing neurons results in a range of motor and non-motor symptoms. The prevalence of PD increases with age, and currently there is no cure, no means of slowing the disease progression, and no means of prevention